Based on sequence data from ITS rDNA, cox1 and cox2, six Peronospora species are recognised as phylogenetically distinct on various Papaver species. The host ranges of the four already described species P. arborescens, P. argemones, P. cristata and P. meconopsidis are clarified. Based on sequence data and morphology, two new species, P. apula and P. somniferi, are described from Papaver apulum ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Representatives from Papaver, Roemeria, Stylomecon and Meconopsis were studied to elucidate phylogenetic relationships between Papaver and these closely allied genera. METHODS Two molecular data sets were used individually and combined and included sequences from the internally transcribed spacer region (ITS) of 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA and the trnL intron and the trn...

A study of somatic embryogenesis and rhizogenesis and their influence on production of morphinan alkaloids on two species of opium poppy is presented. We identified the ratios of auxin and cytokinin that caused somatic embryogenesis and rhizogenesis in hypocotyl and cotyledons of Papaver somniferum album and Papaver orientale splendidissimum. The hypocotyls and cotyledons both show somatic embr...

Many angiosperms use specific interactions between pollen and pistil proteins as "self" recognition and/or rejection mechanisms to prevent self-fertilization. Self-incompatibility (SI) is encoded by a multiallelic S locus, comprising pollen and pistil S-determinants. In Papaver rhoeas, cognate pistil and pollen S-determinants, PrpS, a pollen-expressed transmembrane protein, and PrsS, a pistil-e...

Oripavine is the major alkaloid of Papaver orientale. It is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of morphine alkaloids. Recently, new Papaver somniferum strains have been developed which accumulate thebaine and oripavine, but not morphine and codeine. Therefore, the chemistry of oripavine has been studied intensively to synthesize opioid pharmaceuticals such as oxymorphone, naloxone an...

Introduction. In this paper, we aimed to present five Papaver rhoeas intoxication cases, which is very rare in the literature. Case 1. A 35-year-old female patient was admitted to our emergency room with the complaints of nausea, restlessness, and dyspnea developing 3 hours after eating Papaver rhoeas. On physical examination, her general condition was moderate; she was conscious and the vital ...

Application of exogenic bioactive natural plant compounds with protective, anti-mutagenic and anti-genotoxic effects against various chemical and physical agents is one of the modern approaches for reduction of the mutagenic burden of cells. Objective: The present study aims to provide data on the cytoxic and genotoxic effects of Papaver rhoeas L. water leaf extract and its anti-cytotoxic and a...

The Papaveraceae represent a large family divided into 23 genera with more than 300 species, distributed world-wide in subtropical and temperate regions (Reveal, 1999). The genus Papaver L. is represented by more than 120 species, rich in isoquinoline and morphinane alkaloids (Preininger, 1986). In our previous phytochemical studies on Papaver nudicaule L. growing in Mongolia, we reported the i...

This paper represents the phytochemical properties of Lebanese Papaver rhoeas, from which five protopine alkaloids are isolated, namely; stylopine (1), canadine (2), sinactine (3), berberine (4), and epiberberine (5). This is the first report for the isolation of epiberberine (5) from the genus Papaver and canadine (2) from Papaver rhoeas, suggesting a new chemotype of Papaver rhoeas growing in...

Many flowering plants are hermaphrodite, posing the problem of self-fertilization and the subsequent loss of the genetic fitness of the offspring. To prevent this, many plants have developed a genetically controlled mechanism called self-incompatibility (SI). When the male and female S-determinants match, self (incompatible) pollen is recognized and rejected before fertilization can occur. In p...